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ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™: ืื™ืš ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืžื•ืฆืจ ืื—ื“ [2022]

ืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ: 9 ื‘ื™ื ื•ืณ 2022


ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜. ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื—ื•ื ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžืื™ืคื” ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ? ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื”ื‘ื.

ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™

ืžื” ื–ื” ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’?

ืื—ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’. ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืžื•ื›ืจ(ื”ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคืจ) ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื™ืฆืจืŸ ืื• ืกืคืง ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืœื— ืื•ืชื• ืœืงื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื ื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ื” ืฉืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืœืื™ ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื–ื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืื•ืชื•. ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื”ืžืชื•ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืœืกืคืง\ื™ืฆืจืŸ.


ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, ืœืžื” ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืœื™ืฆืจืŸ ื•ืงื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืžื ื•? ืื– ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื™ืฆืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงื•ื ื”, ืื• ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœื›ื (ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™, ื”ืงื•ื ื” ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื•ืฆื”, ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ).


ืื™ืš ื”ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคืจื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืชืžื•ื ื”?

ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคืจื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ\ืกืคืง ื™ื™ื—ืฉืคื• ืœืงื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืกืคืง ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ืื• ืœืฉืœื•ืฃ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืืชืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืขืœื™ืืงืกืคืจืก ื•ื‘ื ื’ื•ื“ ื•ืขื“ ืกืคืงื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ืืœ-ืžืืจื˜ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื.

ื“ื•ื’ืžื: ื ื ื™ื— ื•ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืชื’ ืžืขืœื™ ืืงืกืคืจืก ืขื•ืœื” 10 ืฉ"ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื— ืœืœืงื•ื—, ื”ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืจืฆื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื— (ืœืื—ืจ ืงื™ื–ื•ื– ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื•ืขืžืœื•ืช).


ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืงื•ื ื”, ืืชื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืกืคืง ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืขื ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืืชื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืกืคืงื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืœื ื™ืชืœื•ื ื ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืกืคืงื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื•ืขืœ ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื“ืขืชื ื• ืขื“ื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื•ื›ืืœื• ืฉืžืžืฉ ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืค.

ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™
ืื™ืš ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’

ืœืžื” ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžืขื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜?

  1. ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช: ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืชืžืฆืื• ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžื›ื•ืจ, ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ืื•ืจืš 15 ื“ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข (ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืกื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช, ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ).

  2. ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช: ื—ื™ื ื! ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ื ืฉืงืœ ืื—ื“ (50 ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืžื•ืฆืจ ืขื•ืœื” 30 ืกื ื˜). ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืœื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืื•ืชื• ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื•. ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื”ืกืคืง\ื”ื™ืฆืจืŸ. ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื”ืขืœื™ืชื. ืœื›ืŸ, ืขื ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืงื•ื ื” ื–ื” ืขืชื” ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื, ืืชื ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ืกืคืง, ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื• ื•ืžื•ืชื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ืกืคืง ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื›ืฉื”ืขืœื™ืชื ืื•ืชื• ืœืื™ื‘ื™ื™.

  3. ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื•ืช: ืืชื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื”ืขืœื™ืชื ื ืžื›ืจ! ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืคืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง, ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื›ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื—, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืชืขืœื• ืœืื™ื‘ื™ื™. ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืขืฆืžื•, ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœืžื•ืฆืจ ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื•. ืืš ื‘ื™ื“ื›ื ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื ื›ืžื” ืจื•ื•ื— ืชื™ืฉืืจื• ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื™ื™ืžื›ืจ. ื–ื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจืช ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื.

ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืคื™ืฉืคื™ื ื’

  1. ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื‘ื” ืืชื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื: ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืœื•ื ื—ืกื“ื™ื” ื•ืจื—ืžื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ื™ื™. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื“ื™ืขื”, ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื ืคืจ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื—ืกื™ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ืœืืœืชืจ. ื‘- 4.7.16 ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ืืฃ ื”ืกื™ืจื” ืื•ืชื ืœืœื ืกื™ื‘ื” ื•ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื”ืขื ืคื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื‘ืืชืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžื–ืขืจ ื ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื—ืกื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืชื ื ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืžืืžืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื.

  2. ืขืžืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช: ืขืžืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื•ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›- 15-20% ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉื ืขืœื” ืœืื™ื‘ื™ื™. ื™ืฉ ื”ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืขืžืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืžื•ืฆืจ ื ืžื›ืจ, ื™ืฉื ื” ืขืžืœื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ 10% + 4.3% ืขืžืœืช ืคื™ื™ืคืืœ (+ 1.2โ‚ช ืฉืงืœ ืื ืืชื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืœืงื”ืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ). ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ื’ื ืขืžืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžืคื™ื™ืคืืœ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง. ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื˜ืฉื• ืืช ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื—ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ื™ืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืคื™ืคื™ื™.

  3. ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช: ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ื ื’ ืžืื•ื“ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™, ื•ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืชื—ืจื• ื‘ื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื–ื” ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื, ืœื‘ื“ืœ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืกืคืงื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื ืขื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ื™ื.

  4. ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืกืคืง: ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื›ื ื”ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ, ืืชื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืกื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืง ืฉื‘ื—ืจืชื. ืื ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœื ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื• ืฉื”ืกืคืง ืฉืœื— ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœื ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืื• ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ, ืืชื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื–ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื—. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื”ืกืคืง ืœื ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืชื›ื ืฉื ื’ืžืจ ืœื• ื”ืžืœืื™ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ื•ืงืจื” ื•ืงื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ืžืžื›ื, ืชื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืœืกืคื•ื’ ืขื•ื ืฉ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ื‘ื™ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ื™ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžื–ืขืจ ื ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื”.

โ€‹

ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื•ืŸ - ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ืœืžื™ ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื—

ืขื ืฃ ื”ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ื ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื”ื‘ื™ืช. ืื ื“ืจื•ืคืฉื™ืคื™ื ื’ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืชื›ื, ื”ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœื ื•, ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžืขืœื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืœืื™ื‘ื™ื™ ื•ืืฃ ื ืฉืชืฃ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื™ื ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืื™ื‘ื™ื™.

2,566 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช

ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืœื ืœื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื‘- 2023? ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ื™ืœ ืชืจืฆื”\ื™ ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืœืš ืื•ืชื•?

ืžืขื•ืœื”! ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ืžื—ื›ื” ืœืš ื‘ืžื™ื™ืœ

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